ASTM A276 Type 316L is a low‑carbon (L) molybdenum‑alloyed austenitic stainless steel round bar for general engineering use. It offers improved resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion versus 304/304L, excellent weldability, and good toughness down to cryogenic temperatures.
Designations: ASTM A276 (bars and shapes), ASTM A484 (general requirements), UNS S31603, EN 1.4404, X2CrNiMo17‑12‑2. For pressure-containing parts, ASTM A479 is often specified.

Typical chemical composition (wt%)

Key properties

Corrosion resistance: Strong general corrosion resistance; superior pitting/crevice resistance to 304L in chloride media due to 2–3% Mo. Not immune to chloride pitting/SCC, especially at elevated temperature; consider higher‑PREN alloys for aggressive seawater/brine.
Mechanical (annealed, minimums typical per ASTM): Tensile ≥ 485 MPa (70 ksi), 0.2% yield ≥ 170 MPa (25 ksi), elongation ≥ 40%, hardness ≤ 95 HRB (≈ ≤ 217 HB).
Physical: Density ~7.98 g/cm³; modulus ~193 GPa; thermal expansion (20–100°C) ~16.5 µm/m·K; thermal conductivity ~16 W/m·K; excellent toughness at cryogenic temperatures.
Heat resistance: Good oxidation resistance in dry air up to about 870°C. Prolonged service in the 425–870°C range can reduce mechanical properties; L grade mitigates sensitization after welding.
Magnetism: Essentially non‑magnetic when annealed; can become slightly magnetic after cold work.
Weldability: Excellent; use matching fillers (e.g., ER316L/E316LSi). Post‑weld cleaning/passivation recommended; PWHT generally not required.
Machinability: Work‑hardening austenitic grade; use sharp tooling, positive feeds, and generous coolant. Free‑machining variants exist but standard 316L limits sulfur for corrosion performance.

Manufacturing and supply conditions

Processes: Hot‑finished and solution‑annealed & pickled (HRAP/black), cold‑drawn/bright, peeled/turned, centerless ground, precision ground, and polished.
Finishes: Black (as‑rolled), bright‑drawn, turned/peeled, centerless ground, polished (e.g., 180/240/320/400/600 grit), mirror on request.
Tolerances and QA: Dimensional and straightness tolerances per ASTM A484 (general requirements). Optional NDT (UT/eddy current), PMI, straightness control, low delta‑ferrite on request. MTC/COC to EN 10204 3.1 available.

Size range (typical offerings; customizable)

Diameters: ~3 mm to 500 mm (1/8″ to 20″).
Lengths: 3–6 m random (10–20 ft) or cut‑to‑length with tight straightness.
Precision tolerances (e.g., h9/h10/h11) and ground shafts available upon request.

Typical applications

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